QuantumC

Custom Runtimes

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You may be thinking “This language has a lot of intrinsics. That must mean its going to fill my binary with bloat!”.

That is incorrect. Not only does the runtime only link libc and a file of 80 small helpers/wrappers, it also can be excluded from your file.

By passing the -nrt or --no-runtime flag to the compiler, you can tell the compiler not to link the runtime .ll. This will disable

1. String Concatenation
2. All intrinsics other than `ternary, `to_address, `mapped_ptr, `inline, conversions from numeric to numeric types, and `typeof
3. String equality
4. All qbool operations
5. Struct printing
6. Variadics
7. Jagged Arrays
8. f strings
9. qin (input)
10. Power (#^) operator on integers
11. Basically everything needing qc_malloc (Certain union features, runtime arrays…)

If you get a undefined function error starting in qc_, its most likely a unallowed feature.

However, you may think “Why would anybody do that?”. The answe is simple. Custom runtimes.

The runtime is just 78 functions and 2 structs. Its really simple to make your own. Reference the following table to see what functions you need to make per feature.

1. String Concatenation
   • string qc_string_concat(string a, string b)
2. Power on ints
   • int qc_powi_i32(int base, int exp)
3. Variadics

   •  struct qc_variadic {
       void* *items;
       int count;
       int current_index;
      }
     

   • bool qc_variadic_is_empty(qc_variadic *variadic)
   • void* qc_variadic_next(qc_variadic *variadic)
4. String Equality
   • bool qc_string_eq(string a, string b)
5. All qbool operations
   • int qc_qand(int a, int b)
   • int qc_qor(int a, int b)
   • int qc_qxor(int a, int b)
   • int qc_not(int a)
   • bool qc_qand_collapse(int a, int b)
   • bool qc_qor_collapse(int a, int b)
6. Jagged Arrays

   •  struct qc_jagged_array {
       void* *data;
       int *sizes;
       int count;
       int elem_type;
       int depth;
      }
     

   • qc_jagged_array* qc_create_jagged_array(int count, int elem_type, int depth)
   • void qc_set_jagged_element(qc_jagged_array *arr, int idx, void *elem, int size)
   • void qc_free_jagged_array(qc_jagged_array *arr)
   • void* qc_jagged_array_get(qc_jagged_array *arr, int *indices, int num_indices)
   • void* qc_create_leaf_row(int size, int elem_type)
   • void qc_set_leaf_element(void *row, int idx, void *value, int elem_type)
7. qin
   • string qc_qin()

   • int qc_to_int_from_string(string str) {
     short qc_to_short_int_from_string(string str) {
     long int qc_to_long_int_from_string(string str) {
     addr_t qc_to_addr_t_from_string(string str) {
     float qc_to_float_from_string(string str) {
     double qc_to_double_from_string(string str) {
     char qc_to_char_from_string(string str) {
     nibble qc_to_nibble_from_string(nibble n) {
     byte qc_to_byte_from_string(byte b) {
     

8. fstrings
   • all of the stringify helpers below.
9. qout
   • fmt helpers

     string qc_fmt_int(long int v, int width, int precision, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_unsigned_int(addr_t v, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_float(double v, int width, int precision, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_double(double v, int width, int precision, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_scientific(double v, int width, int precision, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_char(char c, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_string(string s, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_hex(addr_t v, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_octal(addr_t v, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_bool(bool v, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_qbool(int q, int width, bool zero_pad)
     string qc_fmt_ptr(void *p, int width, bool zero_pad)
     

   • stringify helpers

     string qc_to_string_int(int x)
     string qc_to_string_float(float x)
     string qc_to_string_long_int(long int x)
     string qc_to_string_short_int(short x)
     string qc_to_string_double(double x)
     string qc_to_string_bool(bool b)
     string qc_to_string_qbool(int q)
     string qc_to_string_char(char c)
     string qc_to_string_nibble(nibble n)
     string qc_to_string_byte(byte b)
     

   • void qc_print_string(string s)
10. The Rest of the intrinsics:
    • the functions below (mix and match for various intrinsics)

      void* qc_malloc(addr_t size) {
      void qc_free(void* ptr) {
      void* qc_realloc(void* ptr, addr_t size) {
      void* qc_calloc(addr_t num, addr_t size) {
      void qc_flush() {
      int qc_time() {
      void qc_seed(int seed) {
      float qc_random_float() {
      int qc_random_int(int max) {
      int qc_random_range(int min, int max) {
      int qc_len(string str) {
      string qc_to_lower(string str) {
      string qc_to_upper(string str) {
      string qc_substring(string str, int start, int length) {
      int qc_contains(string str, string substr) {
      int qc_startswith(string str, string prefix) {
      int qc_endswith(string str, string suffix) {
      bool qc_to_bool_from_string(string str) {
      int qc_to_qbool_from_string(string str) {
      string qc_trim(string str) {
      string qc_replace(string str, string find, string replace) {
      int qc_open(string path, string mode) {
      void qc_close(int fd) {
      void qc_write(int fd, string data) {